Psychology in Health and Social Care
Table of Contents
Introduction
Psychology is the
field of science that analysis the function of men mentality, behavior and activities.
The main purpose of the psychology is to explore the problem of men and gives
the proper solution to abide in the society. It suggests to men how to cope
with the present situation. Many scholars research on it and deliberate
different theories that are mention different side of human problem and also
give the suggestion to mitigating the problem. There are different theories that
would be applied in this assessment. Grand theory discuss various comprehensive
behaviors where cognitive theories explain mental ability and psychodynamic theories
related to childhood experiences that are closely related adult stages of life.
Task 1: LO1 Understanding the theories of lifespan development
1.1Comparison between psycho dynamic and behavioural psychological approaches
Psychodynamic approach means the development of human psychology
unconsciously or subconsciously. It is the development of human behaviour or
psychology in some specific issues such as the attitude, thinking, behalf,
approach, and so on. Samuel Freud was the theorist who exposes the unconscious
behaviour of man where are free form any kind of term and condition. He
emphasis human life need basis on sex & aggression that comes from birth.
So he described this through psychodynamic approach. Here
he describe various psychology that happened unconsciously at the different
time of the human life that is defined the different stage of human life as nature
of human. The stage of man in different time has been given below-
The Oral stage: This stage started from birth to 12 month. This stage is the stage
where a man takes test through sucking and with the help of sensory organ.
Discover something of oral passive is the sub stage where situation & tries
top attacks become more serious with teeth at the aggressive stage.
The Anal Stage: This stage started from 1 year to 2 years. The stage a human child mitigate
its sexual interest through anal by toileting. In this stage, different body
feature has been limbs of body have been functioning that may be noted as the
major characteristic of this stage.
The phallic stage: This stage started from 3 to 5 years. Here a human child concentration
to the different types of sexual curiosity. Here means a sense developed with
superego where a child feeling power has been arising (Ratcliffe, 2007).
The latent stage: This stage started from 6 years to puberty. This is the final stage of
Freud explanation when a person sexual need completely repressed with superego
feelings.
A famous developmental psychologist in the world of
psychologist, Erik H. Erikson (1902-1994), has described in his behavioural
approach theory that any social development of human beings are very critical
in nature. In this case, he described eight stages of human social development
to provide a new experience to the human beings. It started from infancy &
continues to late adulthood of age. In each stage of these stages, people are
introduced with new social environment & condition that give them new experience
for life. These stages are described below:
Infant: infant holds the age from 0 to 1. A
significant & important relationship & bonding are created between
mother & child at this stage. In this stage the psychosocial modality is
that there is relationship of taking & giving nothing else. The
psychological virtue for this stage is home & faith feelings to each other.
Toddler: The stage started from 2 years to 3 years. At
this stage people build a significant relationship with other members of his or
her family. Psychosocial modality for this stage is to hold on to some &
let go to some. The psychological virtue for this stage is will for anything,
determination for anything.
Pre-schooler: when children reach at the age from 3 to
6 years, it is said that they are at pre-schooler stage. The psychosocial
modality arisen at this stage is that to have the nature of going after,
playing with favourite games. The psychological virtue that children acquire at
this stage is to have purpose for any determination & courage to do
anything.
School aged child: when child comes to the age from 7
years to 12 years, they are called in the stage of school aged children. At
this stage child builds a significant relationship with his or her neighbour
& school friends & teachers. The psychosocial modalities for this stage
is to complete anything 7 to try to make things coordinated, together. Children
achieve completeness as psychological virtue at this stage.(Birren et al.,
2006)
Adolescent: human reach this stage when they become
the age of 12 years to 18 years. At this stage, human tries to build relationship
with his peer groups. The psychosocial modalities for this stage are to have
the sense to be one, the feelings for share oneself. At this stage the
psychological virtues achieved by human are fidelity &loyalty to dear &respected
ones.
Young adult: human reach this stage when they reach at
the age of 24 & it continues to 45 years. The significant relationship that
human builds at this stage, is the relationship with his friends & other
partners. In this stage human tries to lose himself & to find himself to
others which is the psychosocial modalities for this stage. The psychological
virtue for this stage is love.
Old adult: human reach this stage when they reach at
the age of 50. They try to build relationship with mankind at this stage.
Psychosocial modalities for this stage is to have the feelings through having
been & not to face being. And the psychological virtue for this stage is
having wisdom (Sandis, 2009).
1.2 Concepts & theories of psychology linked to specific life stages
Psychodynamic approach mainly refers that human
possess childhood behaviour as the formation of creating adult mentality &
adult behaviour unconsciously. But behavioural approach says that human
personality is developed through different classical & operant habituation
of nature.
Psychodynamic approach wants to show that human’s
childhood behaviour or any type of experiences keep impact throughout human’s
life even without their own awareness. On the other hand, behavioural approach
argues that human’s behaviour is mainly mechanical & they behave being
motivated by others.
Behavioural approach gives priority little portion to unconsciousness
where Psychodynamic approach ignores it totally. Behavioural approach focuses
of human’s nature of being animated or being himself. It advises that there are
some findings of human behaviour which are very complex in nature & cannot
be applied directly to human behaviour.
Behavioural approach possess a strength over
psychodynamic approach that it solely focuses on human Bevier which may be
examined & discovered which is direly important in case of laboratory
testing which can be used to verify the human behaviour. (Brown, 2008)
Strength of behavioural approach is that its
testability is solely dependent on human behaviour that can give laboratory
experimentation. In the process, behavioural approach gives main focus on
present history than past history where psychodynamic approach gives focus on
past events instead of present events.
Comparison between those approaches, it is common that
both of the theories has not scientifically verified.
Task 2: LO2 understanding the social & biological determinates of human behaviour displayed in health & social care contest
2.1 Social & biological factors that influence human behaviour
Psychology said that human behaviour has been
developed with the help of social, cultural, traditional and other environments.
The behavioural traits which is the responsible to develop the behaviour of
human in behaving, negotiating, greeting, posturing, gesturing and facial expression
with other. There are many other things such as mental stress, impact of depression
cam on sentimentally. The opposite things may be occurred through the situational
factors of adult human. Now a days education treats as the human behaviours
change.
Genetic traits also make an effect on the behaviour of
human. According to trait theory, leadership does not appear by born in the
nature of human. But some traits of leadership can be gained biologically. Many
attributes are transferred from the parents, relatives to children. It includes
the assurance about the existence of health & social care that promotes the
social roles. Different social factors such as cultures, sub cultures, norms,
attitudes, laws, rules, morality etc. play an important role in human behaviour.
For example we can sad that the condition of parents
and child is vice versa. When a child was born, the parent takes the whole
responsibility of the child where the child also taken in the elder age of the
child. It may be noted as the vice versa situation of life cycle (Varela, 2003).
2.2 Importance of social roles in the context of health & social care settings
Social role eludes the blend of all practices that are
normal from different individuals from the general public in which human live.
Social and medicinal services settings assume critical part in the connection
of brain research.
It assists a human with understanding and draw out the
necessity of contrasts that can guarantee singular fixation and centre and
confirmation to give to others. Manufacturer can carry better correspondence
with the help of social part that discovers the diverse relationship
appropriately and to show response on the consequence of talented work.
It helps to search 7 find the salient features of the
unwanted things that is the reason of many difficulties in human life such as
dissatisfaction, frustration, illness, and damages etc. that are strongly
related to the job life of human. Through this way, it also helps to find out
the cure for these difficulties of human lives. It gives focus on the specific action &
specific behaviour of individual & group pf people. For example we can say
, when we say about health dependent behaviour of the human, we indicate the
behaviour that arise for taking alcohol & cigarette & then we advise to
give up these bad attributes. It provides the advice to entertain & improve
human mind by reading good books, newspaper, magazines, watching movies etc. So
it can be said that human tries to accept those social roles that keep impact
on their behaviours& the bad or good habits that affect health.
The term of “psychoneuroimmunology” is confined to relation
with emotional attributes & behavior of human in human behavior. It refers
to the personal approach of a man. The other term is called bio-psychosocial that
is negotiate with the factor of biological & psychological in human
behavior. This called the impact of health care settings (Champion, 2012).
Task3:LO3 Understanding how psychological theories are applied to health & social care practice
3.1 How psychological theories can be applied to individuals who are experiencing elevated level of stress
Stress refers the
circumstance when a man feels high weight with the understanding that he can't
do anything in an unadoptable circumstance. It is a term that spotlights on the
centralization of psyche. The explanations behind such stretch are unacceptable
occupation condition, work weight over-burden, a long tedious working hour,
issues with partners, risky work circumstance, segregation in execution
estimation and so on. It is clear that aftereffect of anxiety is not positive
by any stretch of the imagination. Such effect can influence the individual personality
state of human. It can prompt separation, suicide, drug dependence, family
fight, sickness, high melancholy and so on. Three sorts of burdens are depicted
underneath in the setting of behavioral hypotheses:
Acute stress: This kind of stress
can be brought about from present and past working weight that can bring about
chaotic and harm condition in the up and coming days of human lives. It can
bring about the harm to mental and psychological peace and prompts trouble. Based
on the theory of Erikson known as psychological theory, psychological
development stages assist people to know the internal factor which is
responsible to change with the help of past & present events. It is also shaped
the people behavior. It also explained that man is unable to get the feeling of
stress before the time of adolescent. Stress can be found in adolescent and next
time. Freud’s unconscious theory also deliberates that a man cannot feel the
influence of it before phallic stage (Probst, 2010).
Episodic acute
stress: Episodic acute stress called stress occurs frequently. It generally
found if the man possess unrealistic expectations. It may be impact on life for
several times and regularly. The person feels tension without any causes and it
also makes the heart problem even heart attack too. The situation is placed on development
of psychological theories as well as unconsciousness theory. In this theory
says that aged people suffer from this type of stress which has direct heart effected
outcome. It likewise gives the understanding that nature and phase of human
life decides when individuals will face such sort of anxiety and issue.
Chronic stress: It is opposite to
acute stress. Here the stress happen for health causes. Heart attack and
serious diseases make such type of stress. Erikson & unconsciousness theory said the attributes unconsciously are
main responsible for this stress. Also Freud explain a term “personal disorder”
that is happening due to terms of chronic stress. He also said that middle
adulthood health faced this stress.
Finally, it concluded that both theories comprehends
the reason of diverse sorts of stress in human lives. Psychoanalytic treatment
alludes that any minor noteworthy occasion can convey change to the entire
existence of a man. It can be cognizant or oblivious. Diverse phases of
improvement of brain research are joined with distinctive sorts of stress in
human lives (Hancock and Szalma, 2008).
3.2 How psychological theories describes the human behavior disturbance
Here we talk about Attention
Deficit Disorder (ADD). It by and large eludes the heedlessness and
impulsivity. Grown-ups for the most part experience the ill effects of ADD than
half grown-ups and kids. At the point when ADD is found in the grown-up time of
human, it can be ordered in diverse sorts. There are mostly three sorts of
clutters are found. They are-
Obliviousness may
not create shallow change if the human who is in little child stage confront
high challenges in school. In the grown-up age, this indication is identified
with principally intellectual procedure if there should be an occurrence of
social advancement settings. Hyperactivity may jump out at the youngsters in
the event that they are talented as per will each time at seven years old or
lower. Impulsivity may jump out at the youthful from their demanding to pick
protest or bashing to other individuals. Adolescents who experience the ill
effects of ADD for the most part has a tendency to do such perilous and
destructive exercises without speculation its outcome.
Any treatment for
such consideration shortfall miracle issue requires two imperative components.
They are giving psychotherapy intercession principally and then giving the
treatment of solutions. In spite of the fact that solution is considered as the
center solution for such issues, there are numerous contentions that no one but
prescription can't have the capacity to cure the hyperactivity issue
misfortune. So pharmaceutical can give conceivable answer for the sensible
degree for such kind of issues. In the event that when people face deterrents
and grumbling they are contradicted must need to concentrate on their gifts to
know whether they can go such degree of progress. Youngsters have decidedly
reacted to the pharmaceutical result for this issue. There are some reactions
of it as well. Prescription is not a suitable treatment for kids and numerous
experts does not favor pharmaceutical for getting any positive criticism. For
the most part individual’s keeps such thought that in the event that they can't
have the capacity to get any positive effect from drug inside fancied time
compass, specialists will propose another kind of pharmaceutical. It turns into
a conventional standards and human by and large needs to have the best flawless
path for himself without having any unwillingness at any degree (Garner et al.,
2008).
3.3 Psychological theory helps to understand mental health disorder
Psychosis will be
talked about in this part for the specified reason. It is one sort of mental
issue where individuals see or distinguish anything in the inverse way that
exist around them. It is one sort of dream and additionally hallucination.
Fantasy or psychoneurotic assault can disturb the general population's typical
intuition feeling and therefore influence the outer conduct. This sort of
turmoil by and large alluded as insane scene.
There are different
reasons for this problem. They are- schizophrenia which refers different types
of psychological disorder symptoms, bipolar disorder which occurs when mental
condition & health condition combined affect the mood which causes
dangerous frustration to human.
There are some
types of treatment for this problem which can be combined used. They are-
antipsychotic medication that helps to provide treatment to psychosis,
psychological therapy is the family therapy that is used to reduce depression
& finally social support that refers the help from society members. (Schoenwald
and Garland, 2013)
3.4 How to apply the psychological principals to affect the behavior change in health & social care settings
Psychodynamic
psychotherapy, helpful nonpartisanship, cerebrations, intellectual behavioral
prescription, counter transference, resistance and so on are extremely well
known speculations if there should arise an occurrence of examining behavioral
change for wellbeing and social consideration. These hypotheses recognize that
how firmly singular exercises are identified with social consideration area.
Behavioral change is for the most part the change of social settings
&personal exercises. Adapting eludes such exploitation mind that tries to
discover the social or individual issue and tries to match key that will make
the stress decent. In the event of adapt strategies, individual takes a seat
with exact endeavors to decrease all mental disturbances& tries to subside
nerve wracking event (Magi and Kikas, 2009).
3.5 How psychological theories help to improve the relationship between health & social care
Square measures the
ideas and thoughts and it decide the change of conduct utilizing social
consideration division. Profundity brain research, resistance, restorative lack
of bias, intellectual behavioral drug and so on is likewise mainstream
speculations in this reason. These speculations fundamentally centered on
wellbeing instruction and wellbeing behavioral stage. Behavioral vacillation
square depends on distinctive people and social components. It quantifies these
behavioral stages and is effect on people.
For instance, if
the workplace of a man is great, then the mental setting of that individual
will sound great and if the work space can't give safe sentiments and the
working condition is not very great, and afterward the mental state of that
individual won't sound great. It has been specified in the oblivious hypothesis
of Freud. Once more, mental condition is not same in all phases of ages. At the
youthful age, individuals get to be imprudent about wellbeing however in the
middle age, they get to be cognizant about the wellbeing condition. As the
working pressure increases, heart problem is mainly found in the middle age as
discussed by Erikson (McLean and Woody, 2001).
Conclusion
Psychology mainly builds their theory for consulting human
behaviour. Psychology generally concentrates a man birth to death. The condition
of working environment and health influences on human mental health where
theory is needed to give psychological treatment compere with feedback.
References
